The New Colossus
By Emma Lazarus
Not like the brazen giant of Greek fame,
With conquering limbs astride from land to land;
Here at our sea-washed, sunset gates shall stand
A mighty woman with a torch, whose flame
Is the imprisoned lightning, and her name
Mother of Exiles. From her beacon-hand
Glows world-wide welcome; her mild eyes command
The air-bridged harbor that twin cities frame.
“Keep, ancient lands, your storied pomp!” cries she
With silent lips. “Give me your tired, your poor,
Your huddled masses yearning to breathe free,
The wretched refuse of your teeming shore.
Send these, the homeless, tempest-tost to me,
I lift my lamp beside the golden door!”
Emma Lazarus wrote this universally recognized sonnet in 1883, as part of a fundraising effort for a pedestal to secure the Statue of Liberty. The poem was engraved on a bronze plaque and affixed to the lower level of the statue’s pedestal in 1903, sixteen years after Emma Lazarus died. If the words describe a promise not always kept, they do nevertheless, represent a noble aspiration.
Given the current state of affairs in my home country, with the welcome mat having been tossed onto the refuse heap, I knew, before she was officially added to the travel itinerary, that a visit to Lady Liberty would be unsettling. I guess I didn’t realize the degree to which it would be heartbreaking.
It’s a drizzly, gray Manhattan morning, not unlike the day when the Statue of Liberty was dedicated. From Battery Park, the peak of the soaring Freedom Tower (officially One World Trade Center) is shrouded in fog and mist. It’s not an ideal day to visit the Statue of Liberty – but here we are.
We’ve been in New York for nearly a week and during our entire visit the weather has been capricious, everything from sunny and clear to downpours and thunder storms, so rescheduling would be a gamble. Travel during the shoulder season avoids the tourist hordes but the dark cloud to the silver lining is, well, dark clouds – full of rain.
During our last trip to New York we visited Ellis Island and skipped the Statue of Liberty. This time we’re visiting the statue. If we were visiting during what I often refer to as “the before times,” (the days before MAGA) I know that I would feel a swell of pride in that iconic symbol of acceptance and commonwealth. Today, as the boat churns and tosses through the chop of New York Harbor, and the Manhattan skyline becomes an apparition behind the dreary mist, I have misgivings.
Both the sonnet and The Lady are odes to a compassionate and a just America, an America as a haven for the oppressed, the poor, and the unwanted, a place of justice, hope and new beginnings. That has too often not been the case. America has a history of both upholding its ideals and struggling with them. At various times in history, those seeking new lives in the “land of opportunity” or those “yearning to breathe free,” have been met with the “No Vacancy” sign. For some, breathing free has – both figuratively and literally – been a struggle.
During the very decade when Ms. Lazarus wrote The Great Colossus, and The Statue of Liberty was dedicated, the ideals of both the sonnet and the statue were burdened by some inconvenient ironies.
As Ms. Lazarus, a Jew, was composing The New Colossus, systemic discrimination against Jews was on the rise. As a woman, Ms. Lazarus would never enjoy the right to vote.
In 1884, a year after The New Colossus was written, and two years before the dedication of the statue, the Chinese Exclusion Act was passed in response to a growing, nationwide anti-Chinese sentiment. By the mid-1880s, Reconstruction had long ended, and Jim Crow was on the rise.












